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It is a pleasure to explain what the sources of information are about the European Communities, both in publications and computerised documentation system, and how this information is disseminated in the UK and where you can find it. With the development of the Community there is a much‐felt need for rapid information and awareness of the work of the Community and its institutions. It is important to know how the institutions work, and who does what in the Community in order to understand the information network.

The Equal Pay Act 1970 (which came into operation on 29 December 1975) provides for an “equality clause” to be written into all contracts of employment. S.1(2) (a) of the 1970 Act (which has been amended by the Sex Discrimination Act 1975) provides:

When one considers the extent of the subject—urban and regional planning and then multiplies that by the number of countries that there are in Europe, it will be apparent that the task of keeping track of all relevant information is a gargantuan one. Indeed any attempt to define urban and regional planning leads to all sorts of difficulties; likewise how is Europe defined? to some it will mean the European Communities; to others the Council of Europe and to a third set of people, the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development—which of course is not solely European at all now that it extends its membership to Canada, the USA, Australia and New Zealand. In order to define an area for the purposes of this seminar, I am going to tell you how one large urban authority—the Greater London Council, attempts to keep itself informed about issues within its European horizons.

Cites the fight against fraud as a high priority for European citizens, European institutions and national parliaments. Asks what path the European institutions follow since the adoption of the founding treaties in order to combat fraud and its inevitable effects. Overviews the connection between the allocation of competence and the legal basis principle concerning anti‐fraud policy. Follows by tackling the effects of budgetary mechanisms and finishes by attempting to shed light on the development of internal anti‐fraud structures within the Commission. Allows the reader to understand the conflict between the acquisition of powers for the Community institutions to fight fraud and the protection of criminal law jurisdiction as the prerogative of the national state.

Although we have become used to talking about the Common Market, it is important to remember that there are three European Communities, namely the European Coal and Steel Community, the European Economic Community (colloquially known as the Common Market) and the European Atomic Energy Community. The precise nature of these Communities is a matter of controversy but it is sufficient to say that each of them is an association of States which have combined for certain purposes by means of a Treaty. Under each of the three treaties the parties enjoy certain rights and have undertaken to perform certain duties. Since the purposes are similar in the three cases and since the parties to the three treaties have so far been the same six countries (Belgium, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands) it has been found convenient that the same common organs (the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission of the Communities, and the Court of Justice of the European Communities) should direct, supervise, administer and control the exercise of the rights and performance of the duties arising from the three treaties. This will remain so, although the four candidate countries (Denmark, the Irish Republic, Norway and the United Kingdom) will be members of the European Economic Community and European Atomic Energy Community only. This means that the rights and duties arising from membership of the European Coal and Steel Community will not apply to the candidate countries. In practice, the European Economic Community has overshadowed the other two and in what follows I shall refer to the EEC only. In so far as the law relating to the other two Communities is relevant for my present purpose, it can be found in the same sources as that of the Economic Community.

The object of this research is the reconstruction of the existing legal response by European Union states to the phenomenon of immigration. It seeks to analyse the process of conferral of protection.

One main dimension is selected and discussed: the case law of the national courts. The study focuses on the legal status of immigrants resulting from the intervention of these national courts.

The research shows that although the courts have conferred an increasing protection on immigrants, this has not challenged the fundamental principle of the sovereignty of the states to decide, according to their discretionary prerogatives, which immigrants are allowed to enter and stay in their territories. Notwithstanding the differences in the general constitutional and legal structures, the research also shows that the courts of the three countries considered – France, Germany and Spain – have progressively moved towards converging solutions in protecting immigrants.

The research contributes to a better understanding of the different legal orders analysed.

The implications of the Single European Market for libraries and information services are considered with some examples of what is being done. After a general introduction to 1992, the Plan of Action for Libraries in the EC is considered and the library implications of the five Action Lines. The roles of European Documentation Centres, EC Depository Libraries, European Reference Centres; Euro Information Centres and online databases are considered, together with developments in co‐operation and also the human implications.

Aims to trace the legal bases for the protection of fundamental rights in the European Community and the European Union, but looks here at internal policy only. Though there was no basis in the Treaty of Rome (1957) for human rights, the European Court of Justice has declared that fundamental human rights are enshrined in the general principles of Community law and thereby protected by the Court. Investigates the Charter, in full, herein

The target date for the completion of the Single European market at the end of 1992 will see the achievement of a complex series of measures designed to promote the free movement of goods, capital, services and people between the twelve countries of the European Community (EC) (Department of Trade and Industry, 1989a). Members of the UK occupational groups to which the term “professionals” is often applied are among the people who will be able to offer their services elsewhere in the EC. By the same token, European professionals will be able to establish themselves as service providers in the UK. This essentially simple potential for free movement of professionals (a simplicity achieved, however, through complicated negotiations amongst European policy makers) brings with it a number of questions of interest to “profession watchers” in the UK. How will UK professionals, and their institutions, respond to the challenges and opportunities that accompany this EC‐wide extension to their own rights of establishment? How will they respond to incoming migrant professionals from elsewhere in the EC? What policies and practices will UK professional institutions adopt in relation to their counterparts in other EC member states? What links will they forge with them and to what extent will these contacts lead to joint initiatives at a community‐wide level? This article reports on the first phase of a study designed to consider such questions during the run up to the completion of the single market and in its immediate aftermath.