Advertising

, 37–38

expenditure

, 133, 137

Affective labour

, 180–182

Affordances of medium participatory capacity

, 85

Aganaktismenoi movement

, 314–315, 419–421, 423–426, 428–430

Agenda-building theory

, 316–318

Agenda-setting

, 316–318

Agora

, 152

Alternative digital media in Greece

, 146–147

Alternative media

, 145–146, 387–388, 396

Amateur/independent podcasting

, 42–43

Americanisation

, 230–233

‘Americanised’ model era

, 230–234

ANTARSYA

, 406–407

Anti-austerity

, 294

movements of SYRIZA

, 293–303

Anti-memorandum

, 425

Anti-SYRIZA

, 281, 407–408

AntiGold Greece

, 406–408

Apple iPod

, 45

Apple Podcasts

, 42

Aspirational attribute

, 252–253

Asynchronicity

, 17–18

Athens Live

, 148, 151

Athens-Macedonian News Agency

, 146

Athensvoice

, 102–103

Attica Media Group

, 136

Audience participation

, 70, 72, 79

Audience-centred approaches

, 81

Audio media

, 33

Austerity

measures

, 105

as ‘modernising’ project

, 209–210

turmoil

, 238–239

Avgi (Newspaper)

, 276, 282–284, 283, 284–285

Bailout loans

, 212–213, 221–222

Bianet

, 103–104

‘Big Issue, The’

, 392

Big media outlets

, 43–44

Bild

, 212–213

Blame

, 278–279

Blame-shifting

, 279–280

Blame-shifting index (BSI)

, 282–283, 284

Blaming

in Greek election

, 283–285

media role in

, 281–283

populist blaming in Greece

, 276–281

Bloggers

, 113

Blogs

, 71

Border security

, 380

Brain Hacking Academy, The

, 43

Branding

aspirational attribute

, 252–253

credibility

, 254–255

features

, 245–246

methods and data

, 247–248

reassurance

, 253–254

simple analysis

, 248–249

theoretical framework

, 246–247

unique analysis

, 250–251

values

, 251–252

British Broadcasting Company (BBC)

, 53

Bundle

, 103–104

Business model

, 150–152

Capital

, 80

‘Cartel party’ theory

, 259

Churnalism

, 172

Citizen mobilisation

, 11

Class shame

, 221–222

Clauset–Newman–Moore algorithm

, 406

Clientelism

, 47, 144–145, 144

CNN Greece

, 102–103

Coalition of Radical Left (SYRIZA)

, 7–8, 22–23, 218, 245, 247–252, 255, 269–270, 276, 279, 280, 289–290, 314–315, 318–319, 332, 336, 405–406

anti-austerity movements and road to power

, 293–303

early years (2006–2011)

, 290–293

and Greek Referendum

, 308–310

internal crisis

, 302–303

network of mentions

, 306–307

victory in 2015

, 303–308

Coding scheme

, 337

Colonialism

, 212

Colonisation

, 211, 231

Colonization of politics by media

, 259–260

Communist Party of Greece (KKE)

, 279

Compassion

, 337

Completely Automated Public Turing tests to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA)

, 70

Conflict frames (CF)

, 373

Conn-x-TV

, 138

Constructive policy dialogue

, 144

Copy-paste journalism

, 139

Cradle of civilization

, 214

Credibility of brand

, 254–255

Crisis

, 159

in Greece

, 370–371

in journalism

, 5

Critical constructionist perspective

, 196–197

Crowd-funding

, 37–38

‘Cryptocolonial’ condition

, 211

Cryptocolonies

, 211

Cultural capital

, 261

Cultural heritage of Greece

, 19–20

Cultural osmosis

, 123

Cultural political brand perspective

, 246

Cultural sensitivity

, 123

‘Cultural’ political capital

, 267–268

Cyprus

, 37–38, 182

Daily Routines

, 104

‘Dark participation’ concept

, 81

Deep political instability

, 332

Democratic deficit

, 424–425

Deregulation

, 20–21

Descriptive statistics

, 321

Deutche Telecoms

, 24–25

Diamantouros, Nikiforos

, 215

Digital journalism in Greece

, 53–54, 143

alternative digital media in Greece

, 146–147

alternative media and

, 145–146

business model, financing issues and relationship with audience

, 150–152

clientelism, financial crisis and role of journalism

, 144–145

media, politics and state in Greece

, 144

origins and mission

, 148–149

sustainability and limits to alternative journalism

, 153–155

Digital media

, 399, 419

environmental movement and protests in Greece

, 399–400

in Greece

, 1

Greek crisis and case of Skouries

, 400–404

methodology

, 404–405

semantic networks and public discourse

, 408–413

spreading information

, 405–408

Digital money

, 27

Digital News

, 99

Digital players

, 135–137

Digital transformation

, 15–18, 259

Digitalisation

, 3–4

Diken

, 103–104

Dimosiographicos Organismos Lambraki (DOL)

, 133–134

Discourse analysis in street journal representations of homelessness

, 390–391

Discourse theory

, 390

DOL-Digital

, 15

Domestication

, 124

Dominant ideology of journalism

, 160–161

Dot. com

, 26–27

Double trauma of the crisis

, 187–188

Doxa

, 80

DPG

, 136

E-services

, 27

Economic capital

, 261

Economic crisis

, 1–2, 4, 179–180, 182

Economic political brand perspective

, 246

Efimerida ton Syntakton (Efsyn)

, 295

Electoral campaigns

, 232–233

Electoral–professional party

, 259

Eleftheros Typos

, 378

Eleftherotypia

, 24, 295

Elliniki Lisi

, 332

Emotions

, 179

Empirical studies

, 68–70

Engagement of journalism

, 171

Entertainment

, 82

‘Environment vs. employment’ dilemma

, 402

Environmental movement and protests in Greece

, 399–400

Environmentalism

, 10–11

ERT (Greek public broadcaster)

, 44–45, 294–295

EU elections (2019)

, 332–333

Euronews

, 124–125

European Broadcasting Union (EBU)

, 296

European Central Bank (ECB)

, 131, 209, 277

European Commission (EC)

, 131, 209, 277

European refugee crisis

, 9–10

European Union. See European Commission (EC)

Europeanism

, 210

Exclusion

, 275–276

in Greek election

, 283–285

media role in

, 281–283

Exclusivity index (EI)

, 282–284

‘External’ sphere of politics

, 231

Facebook

, 351, 362–363

Fair Growth

, 249

Fake news

, 173

Fast Track Law

, 403

Field

, 80

Field theory

, 80

Financial crisis

, 131, 138–139, 144–145

Fiscal crisis, effects of

, 132–135

Fishbowl

, 47

Flexibility

, 199

‘Flow’ jobs

, 155

Foreign correspondents

, 113–114

added value

, 122–125

challenging traditional working routines

, 114–115

findings

, 116–120

foreign correspondence as boundary work

, 120–122

methodology

, 115–116

Framing

in mass media

, 371–372

processes

, 387–388

visual

, 333–336

Freedom

, 200–205

Gap

, 15–16

Gatekeeping

, 68

Gazete Duvar

, 103–104

Golden Dawn

, 280

Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple, Microsoft (GAFAM)

, 15–16

Google Podcasts

, 42

GPO

, 252

Greece

, 182, 210, 332

environmental movement and protests in

, 399–400

immigration, crisis and media in

, 370–371

and orientalism

, 211–213

populist blaming in

, 276–281

tout court

, 211

Greek

, 15

bashing process

, 221–222

debt crisis

, 6

exception

, 21

governments

, 7, 26, 222

journalism

, 55, 159–161

media outlets

, 133–134

media system collapse

, 294–296

Greek Communist Party. See Komounistiko Komma Ellados (KKE)

Greek crisis

, 209–210, 275, 374–375

and case of Skouries

, 400–404

publicity

, 210

Greek Indignants

, 422–423

Greek media democracy

, 6, 230–231

identifying periods

, 235–240

Greek Memoranda Case

journalistic practices, freedom and self-censorship

, 200–205

media and Greek economic crisis

, 195–196

methodology

, 199–200

multilevel model of political economic structures and influence

, 196–198

Greek Online Media

, 55

Greek Parliamentary elections

, 8, 319

Greek Podcast Project, The

, 47

Greek political system

, 275

and EU elections

, 332–333

Greek press journalism

, 5–6

Greek Referendum, SYRIZA and

, 308–310

Greek Revolution

, 213–214

Greek Solution. See Elliniki Lisi

Greeklish

, 27–28

#GReferendum

, 309, 310

#GRiots

, 291

Hashtag reporting with

, 292

Grexit

, 369

Habitus

, 80

Hellenotropes

, 214

Homelessness

attribution of

, 395

discourse analysis in street journal representations of

, 390–391

reason of

, 395

Huffington Post Greece

, 102–103

Human security

, 380

Ideal candidate (IC)

, 337

Alexis Tsipras

, 339–340

Kyriakos Mitsotakis

, 342–343

Illegal immigration

, 380

Illegals

to refugees

, 374–375

as risk

, 378–379

Imagery

, 331

IMAKO

, 133–134

Immigration

in Greece

, 370–371

politics of

, 377–378

as source of conflict and polarisation

, 375–377

‘In.gr’ (news portal)

, 82–83

Inclusive journalism

, 386

Inclusive–exclusive journalism

, 387

Indignados movement

, 289, 293

Indignants movement

, 419–420

Individualisation

, 352–353

Inequality, media representation of

, 386–390

Information and communication technologies (ICTs)

, 259

Information seeking/surveillance

, 82

Information Society

, 235

Infowar

, 45–46

Inside Story

, 102–103, 148, 151

Instagram

, 351, 353–354

characteristic

, 355

depiction of selfies per period

, 361

discussion

, 361–363

methodology

, 356–357

positive self-image or ‘attack’ to political opponents

, 359

posts with personal aspects of the politicians

, 357

posts with private aspects of politicians’ lives

, 358

research questions and hypotheses

, 355–356

results

, 357–361

self-depiction of politicians

, 359

as strategic communication tool

, 354–355

Intermedia agenda

, 313–314

Internal crisis of SYRIZA

, 302–303

Internal political efficacy

, 429–430

Internal sphere of politics

, 231

International journalism research

, 160

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

, 131, 209, 277

International Network of Street Papers (INSP)

, 385, 392

International news agencies

, 119

Internet in election campaigns and disputes

, 238–239

Internet in Greece

, 18–22, 51, 102–104, 233

on journalism

, 115

lag in EU Deregulation

, 20–22

Intimisation

, 352–353

iPhone

, 41–42

iPod

, 41–42

Jacobin (magazine)

, 296

Journalism

, 1, 11, 80, 144–145, 160, 179, 389

data collection

, 83

in Greece

, 143

participation and field of

, 80

participatory journalism as site of struggle

, 80–82

results

, 85–92

sample

, 82–83

stimuli

, 83–85

study

, 82

Journalism as affective labour

, 184–186

Journalistic anxiety

, 138–139

Journalistic practices

, 200–205

Journalistic professionalism in Greece

causes of journalism crisis

, 170–171

manifestations of journalism crisis in Greece

, 165–170

impact of new technologies on journalism practices

, 171–173

research method

, 164–165

research questions

, 164

reshaping of Greek media landscape in times of financial recession

, 161–164

Journalists

, 179

Journalists’ Union of Athens Daily Newspapers (JUADN)

, 163

‘Jurisdiction’

, 120

Kathimerini (Newspaper)

, 276, 282–285

KINAL/PASOK

, 354–355

Kinima Allagis

, 332

Knowledge production

, 212

Komounistiko Komma Ellados (KKE)

, 332

Koskotas scandal

, 15–16

‘Lag’

, 17–19

in EU Deregulation

, 20–22

as neoliberal remediation

, 27–28

as politics

, 26–27

Lagging

, 24–25

Landfill of ideas

, 24

Legitimisation of collective decisions

, 426–427

Liberal mainstream news media

austerity as ‘modernising’ project

, 209–210

Greece and orientalism

, 211–213

self-orientalisation processes

, 213–216

typology of self-orientalist discursive constructions

, 217–222

Liberalisation of media

, 236–237

Liberalism

, 26

Liberis Publications

, 133–134

Lifo

, 102–103

Liquid Media

, 136

Local journalists

, 113

Long-term restructuring process

, 131

MacroPolis

, 148, 151

Mainstream media

, 70–71, 82, 125, 138–139, 221–222

Media

, 195–196, 259–260–263

agenda

, 313

analysts

, 131–132

democracy

, 229–234

framing

, 375, 388, 428–429

in Greece

, 370–371

landscape

, 144

outlets

, 53

owners

, 205

politics and state in Greece

, 144

power

, 15–16, 22

regulation

, 144

representation of inequality

, 386–390

services

, 133

sociology

, 11, 420

theory and research

, 15–16

time

, 260

websites

, 3, 56, 61, 83–84

Media capital

, 263, 264

theory of

, 263

Mediapolis concept

, 387

Mediapolis paradigm

, 396

Media–politics relationship

, 260

discussion

, 270–271

journalists, athletes and artists in Greek Parliament

, 265

magnitude of electoral district per electoral year

, 267

research methodology and overview

, 264–265

results

, 265–270

Mediated mobilisation

, 426–431

Mediation

, 25–26

Mediatization

, 423

MEGA

, 134, 162–163

Mega Channel

, 134

Mega TV. See Mega Channel

Melodia 99.2

, 34–37

to toradiofono.gr

, 37–41

Melodia FM. See Melodia 99.2

Memoranda

, 5–7, 195–196, 377

#MenoumeEvropi

, 309

MeRA25

, 332

Mindradio.gr

, 40–41

Mitsotakis, Kyriakos

, 333, 335–336, 336

visual self-presentation of

, 341–343

Moderation

, 70

Modern Greek society

, 214–215

MonoNews site

, 146

Movement for Change (KINAL)

, 318–319

Multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA)

, 87–88

MusicPaper. gr

, 36

Nabiz

, 103–104

National Center for Social Research (EKKE)

, 264

National media

, 276

Nea Dimokratia. See New Democracy (ND)

Neoliberalism

, 26

Neoliberalist tentacles

, 21

Networked journalism

, 68

Networked protests

, 293

New Democracy (ND)

, 7, 234, 235–238, 245, 248, 250–251, 255, 276, 278–279, 289, 314–315, 318–319, 332, 336–377

New European orientalism

, 212

News

, 104

consumption

, 3–4, 90–91

content

, 53–54

sources

, 51–52

on traditional media and online platforms

, 106–108

values

, 105

News247.gr

, 146

Newsbomb.gr

, 102–103, 146, 155

Newsit.gr

, 146

Newspapers

, 203

readership

, 99

Newsworthiness

, 105

NodeXL

, 405

Nova bouquet channels

, 137

Occupational professionalism

, 114, 116

Offradio.gr

, 40

Old Media New Power

, 22–28

Omnia TV

, 148, 151

One-person bureau model

, 115

Online journalism

, 53–54

Online media platforms

, 71

Online news consumption

, 100

findings

, 102–108

literature review

, 100–102

method

, 102

Optimisation for search engines

, 53

Orientalism

, 212

Greece and

, 211–213

Orientation

, 352–353

OTE TV via Satellite

, 138

Ottoman rule

, 144

Ottoman–Byzantine–Orthodox leanings

, 215

#Oxi

, 309

Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK)

, 7, 234–238, 245, 247–248, 250–252, 254–255, 278–279, 289, 377

Parachute journalism

, 113

Parachute journalist

, 113

Participative interactivity

, 69

Participatory journalism

, 3, 67, 79

from enthusiastic promises to empirical indications

, 68–69

journalists’ perceptions and audience perspectives of

, 70–74

managing participatory journalism practices

, 69–70

as site of struggle

, 80–82

Pasokification

, 293

Pay TV

, 137–138

Peace frames (PF)

, 373

Peace journalism

, 372

Pegasos

, 133–134

Personal capital

, 261, 262, 269–270

Personal parties

, 333

Personal political capital

, 267–268

Personal responsibility

, 426–427

Personalisation

, 238–239, 352–353, 356

Physical entity

, 352–353

Playlists

, 35–37

Podcasting in Greece

, 34, 41–46

amateur/independent podcasting

, 42–43

big media outlets and

, 43–44

future of

, 46–47

methodology

, 34–35

public radio and

, 44–45

self-managed initiatives

, 45–46

Polarisation of society

, 275–276

‘Polarised pluralistic’ model

, 144

Polarized pluralism

, 99–100

model

, 70–71

Polarized Pluralistic model

, 82–83

Political advertisement

, 238–239

Political advertising

, 331–332

Political brand community perspective

, 246

Political brand personality perspective

, 246

Political branding

, 245–246

Political campaigns

, 234–236, 313, 334

Political capital

, 260–263

Political communication

, 1, 11, 229, 351

Americanised’ model era

, 230–234

identifying periods of ‘Greek media democracy’

, 235–240

media democracy

, 230–234

milestones in greek political and media system

, 234–235

shift in

, 230

visual aspects

, 331

Political economy

internet in Greece

, 18–22

of media in Greece

, 16–17

Old Media New Power

, 22–28

Political efficacy

, 429–430

Political elites

, 7, 22, 144–145, 259–260

Political interference

, 47

Political marketing

, 331–332

Political nepotism

, 262

Political personnel

, 260–263

Political polarisation

, 7–8

Political protest mobilisation

, 11

Political time

, 260

Politicians Twitter feeds

and news media coverage

, 316–317

and news media coverage and public opinion

, 317–318

Politicians’ Instagram

, 353

Politics

, 105

of immigration

, 377–378

Pool media

, 100, 107

Populist

democracy

, 277

democratic system

, 277

Populist campaigner

, 337

Alexis Tsipras

, 339–340

Kyriakos Mitsotakis

, 342–343

POSPERT

, 295

Post-moderation

, 70

Post-truth journalism

, 173

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

, 180–182

Pre-moderation

, 70

Presenters

, 35–37

Press Project

, 148, 151

Privatisation

, 352

Pro-austerity

, 294

Pro-New Democracy (ND)

, 407–408

Productive interaction

, 69

Professional journalism

, 3

Professionalism

, 1–2, 9, 82–83

occupational

, 114, 116

‘Prosopa’

, 394

Proto Thema

, 102–103, 146

Public agenda

, 8, 138–139, 232, 327

Public discourse

, 408–413

Public radio

, 44–45

Public service media

, 161

Purposive sampling

, 374

Qualitative meta-analysis

, 394–395

Radio in Greece

, 33

Melodia 99.2

, 35–37

methodology

, 34–35

Radiobubble

, 291

Reactionary motivation

, 73

Reassurance of brand

, 253–254

Reciprocal relationships

, 316–317

Reforms culture

, 215–216

Refugee crisis

, 105, 369–371, 375

illegals as risk, refugees at risk

, 378–379

illegals to refugees

, 374–375

immigration as source of conflict and polarisation

, 375–377

politics of immigration

, 377–378

theoretical framework and research method

, 371–374

visible but voiceless

, 379–380

Refugees at risk

, 378–379

Regenerated journalism

, 176

Reinforced marginalization

, 391

Relational political brand perspective

, 246–247

Remediations

, 25–26

Reporters United

, 148

Responsibility

, 278–279

Salamis

, 213–214

Schedia

, 10, 386

content subject-matter

, 394

discussion

, 396–397

methodology

, 392–393

research context

, 391–396

results

, 393–396

voice of speaker

, 394

Scholarship

, 68

Search engine optimisation (SEO)

, 51–53

methodology

, 55–57

and online journalism

, 53–54

research questions

, 55

results

, 57–59

social results

, 59

Search engines

, 51, 53

Self-censorship

, 200–205

Self-colonisation

, 215, 216

Self-managed initiatives

, 45–46

Self-orientalisation

, 210, 213–216

Self-orientalist Discursive Constructions

, 217–222

Self-presentation of political candidates

, 333–336

Semantic networks

, 408–413

Semistructured expert interviews

, 199–200

SEO

, 2–3

Shaming

, 221–222

Silence as a (non) coping strategy

, 188–189

Simple analysis

, 248–249

Single Currency

, 27

SKAI

, 43–44, 146, 238–239

#Skouries

, 400–404, 406, 409, 411–412

‘Skouries Project’ operations

, 403

Social capital

, 261, 262–263

Social media

, 172, 238–239, 351

effect

, 326

heritage to mediated mobilisation

, 426–431

use

, 102–104

Social media–led mobilisation

, 419–420

methods and research questions

, 420–421

Social media–led protest movements

, 421–426

Social movements

, 269

research

, 419

Social network analysis (SNA)

, 404

Social osmosis

, 123

Socialisation

, 82

‘SOS Halkidiki’ initiatives

, 405–406

Southern European media systems

, 99–100

Sözcü

, 103–104

Spotify

, 42

Spreading information

, 405–408

State district

, 266–267

State monopoly in media

, 235–236

Statesmanship

, 337

Street journal representations, discourse analysis in

, 390–391

Street journalism

, 385–386, 388–389

Street journals

, 387–390

Street newspapers

, 385–386, 388–390, 393–394

journalistic framing

, 389

Street papers

, 391

Street Sheet

, 393, 395

Structuration theory

, 196–197

Structured online questionnaire

, 57

Subjective responsibility

, 170–171

Sustainability

, 153–155

Syriza-leaning

, 281

Ta Nea

, 378

TAXI-SNet

, 27

Technoliberalism

, 17, 23–24

Telecommunications Act

, 23

#TellEurope

, 296–301

Terrestrial media power

, 23–24

Terrorism

, 105

The Economist (magazine)

, 306–307

Theatricalisation

, 232–233

‘Them’ v. ‘Us’ dichotomy

, 275–276

blame and exclusion in Greek election

, 283–285

media role in exclusion and blaming

, 281–283

populist blaming in Greece

, 276–281

Thematic analysis (TA)

, 183–184

Time series analyses

, 321–326

Toradiofono.gr (web-radio station)

, 34–36, 39–41

Traditional business models

, 131–132

Traditional journalism

, 120

Trauma as Incentive for Growth

, 186–187

Trauma journalism

case study of Greece and Cyprus

, 182

economic crisis and affective labour

, 180–182

findings and analysis

, 184–189

method and scope of study

, 182–184

Troika

, 131, 209

Tsipras, Alexis

, 333, 335–336

visual self-presentation of

, 338–341, 339–340

Turkish occupation

, 220

TV establishment as official forum of politics

, 237–238

TVXS

, 291

Tweets

, 313

24 Media Group

, 136

Twitter

, 313, 351, 362–363

agenda-building theory

, 316–318

agenda-setting

, 316–318

descriptive statistics

, 321

discussion

, 326–327

limitations and future research suggestions

, 327

method

, 319–321

political talks and discussions

, 315

setting

, 318–319

time series analyses

, 321–326

Twitter-based statements. See Tweets

Two-dimensional space (2D space)

, 26–27

U-turn to Memorandum

, 247, 249

Underdog culture

, 215

Unique analysis

, 250–251

Unsustainable debt

, 209

US crisis

, 131

User agency

, 79–80

User-generated content (UGC)

, 67, 70, 73, 80–81, 113

Values of branding

, 251–252

Violence against women

, 105

Visual framing of political candidates

, 333–336

Visual political communication

, 353–354

Visual self-presentation strategies

, 9

of Alexis Tsipras

, 338–341

coding scheme

, 337

findings and discussion

, 337–343

of Kyriakos Mitsotakis

, 341–343

methodology

, 336–337

Voter-centric political brand perspective

, 246

Web 2.0

, 336

political communication

, 238–239

Web analytics

, 2–3, 52, 54

methodology

, 55–57

inside newsrooms

, 54–55

research questions

, 55

results

, 60–61

Web-radio in Greece

, 33, 37–41, 44–45

as aural archive

, 41

financial issues, advertising, crowd-funding

, 37–38

internal structure tensions

, 39–40

methodology

, 34–35

and podcasting in Greece

, 2

stations

, 40

visual content and audience reach

, 38–39

Western Gaze

, 211–213

Wildfires Protests (2007)

, 399–400

Working routines

, 4, 114–115

World Wide Web (WWW)

, 51

‘Xenios Zeus’

, 374

XEROX Greece

, 27–28

Youth

, 269

YouTube

, 238–239, 331–332, 336

YouTube political advertisements

, 23–24

coding scheme

, 337

findings and discussion

, 337–343

methodology

, 336–337

z-score

, 56–57