Search results

The purpose of this paper is to test the invulnerability of the guarantee network at the equilibrium point.

This paper introduces a tractable guarantee network model that captures the invulnerability of the network in terms of cascade-based attack. Furthermore, the equilibrium points are introduced for banks to determine loan origination.

The proposed approach not only develops equilibrium analysis as an extended perspective in the guarantee network, but also applies cascading failure method to construct the guarantee network. The equilibrium points are examined by simulating experiment. The invulnerability of the guarantee network is quantified by the survival of firms in the simulating progress.

There is less study in equilibrium analysis of the guarantee network. Additionally, cascading failure model is expressed in the presented approach. Moreover, agent-based model can be extended in generating the guarantee network in the future study.

The approach of this paper presents a framework to analyze the equilibrium of the guarantee network. For this, the systemic risk of the whole guarantee network and each node's contribution are measured to predict the probability of default on cascading failure. Focusing on cascade failure process based on equilibrium point, the invulnerability of the guarantee network can be quantified.

This paper aims to investigate the magnetostrictive phenomenon in a single electrical steel sheet, which may cause vibration and noise in the cores of transformers and induction motors. A measurement system of magnetostriction is created and the principal strain of magnetostriction is modeled. Furthermore, the magnetostriction property along arbitrary alternating magnetization directions is modeled.

A measurement system with a triaxial strain gauge is developed to obtain the magnetostrictive waveform, and the principal strain is computed in terms of the in-plane strain formula. A three-layer feed-forward neural network model is proposed to model the measured magnetostriction property of the electrical steel sheet.

The principal strain of magnetostriction of the non-oriented electrical steel has strong anisotropy. The proposed estimation model can be effectively used to model the anisotropic magnetostriction with an acceptable prediction time.

This paper develops the neural network combined with fast Fourier transform (FFT) to model the principal strain property of magnetostriction under alternating magnetizations, and its validation has been verified.

This paper aims to successfully synthesize three-dimensional spindle-like Au functionalized Co₃O₄-ZnO nanocomposites; characterize the structure, morphology and surface chemical properties of the products; study the effect of Au NPs doping concentration, operating temperature different gas to, sensing properties; and introduce an attractive gas sensor for acetone detection.

Au NPs functionalized Co₃O₄-ZnO nanocomposite was prepared by coprecipitation and impregnation methods; the structure and surface chemical property of the products were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-Vis, BET and XPS. The sensing ability of Au@Co₃O₄-ZnO for acetone and mechanism was analyzed systematically.

The results of gas sensing tests show that the unique component structure, Schottky junction and catalytic effect of Au functionalization make it have low operating temperature, excellent selectivity, high response (10 ppm, 56) and rapid response recovery time.

All the characterization and test data of the prepared materials are provided in this paper and reveals the gas sensing mechanism of the gas sensor.

The detection limit is 2.92–100 ppb acetone. It is promising to be applied in low-power, micro detection and miniature acetone gas sensors.

The gas sensor prepared has a lower working temperature and low detection limit, so it has promising application prospects in low-concentration acetone detection and early warning.

The unique component structure, Schottky junction and catalytic effect of Au functionalization Co₃O₄-ZnO make it have low operating temperature, excellent selectivity and rapid response recovery time.

This paper aims to solve the problems molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) nanosheets suffer from inadequate dispersion stability and form a weak lubricating film on the friction surface, which severely limits their application as lubricant additives.

MoS₂/C₆₀ nanocomposites were prepared by synthesizing molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) nanosheets on the surface of hydrochloric acid-activated fullerenes (C₆₀) by in situ hydrothermal method. The composition, structure and morphology of MoS₂/C₆₀ nanocomposites were characterized. Through the high-frequency reciprocating tribology test, its potential as a lubricant additive was evaluated.

MoS₂/C₆₀ nanocomposites that were prepared showed good dispersion in dioctyl sebacate (DOS). When 0.5 Wt.% MoS₂/C₆₀ was added, the friction reduction performance and wear resistance improved by 54.5% and 62.7%, respectively.

MoS₂/C₆₀ composite nanoparticles were prepared by in-situ formation of MoS₂ nanosheets on the surface of C₆₀ activated by HCl through hydrothermal method and were used as potential lubricating oil additives.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0321/

Smart contracts are written in high-level programming languages, compiled into Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) bytecode, deployed onto blockchain systems and called with the corresponding address by transactions. The deployed smart contracts are immutable, even if there are bugs or vulnerabilities. Therefore, it is critical to verify smart contracts before deployment. This paper aims to help developers effectively and efficiently locate potential defects in smart contracts.

GethReplayer, a smart contract testing method based on transaction replay, is proposed. It constructs a parallel transaction execution environment with two virtual machines to compare the execution results. It uses the real existing transaction data on Ethereum and the source code of the tested smart contacts as inputs, conditionally substitutes the bytecode of the tested smart contract input into the testing EVM, and then monitors the environmental information to check the correctness of the contract.

Experiments verified that the proposed method is effective in smart contract testing. Virtual environmental information has a significant effect on the success of transaction replay, which is the basis for the performance of the method. The efficiency of error locating was approximately 14 times faster with the proposed method than without. In addition, the proposed method supports gas consumption analysis.

This paper addresses the difficulty that developers encounter in testing smart contracts before deployment and focuses on helping develop smart contracts with as few defects as possible. GethReplayer is expected to be an alternative solution for smart contract testing and provide inspiration for further research.

This paper aims to explore the preparation and tribological performance of MoS₂ nanoparticles supported on fly ash (FA) microparticles.

FA was activated by NaOH, oleic acid and HCl to obtain three modified FA samples. Nano-MoS₂ was deposited on them to form MoS₂/FA additives for poly-α-olefin (PAO) modification. Tribological tests were conducted on a reciprocating rig through the ball-on-disk friction manner. Using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, Raman spectrometer and element analyzers, the products and their lubrication mechanisms were characterized.

At 1.5 Wt.%, nano-MoS₂ and MoS2/FA could remarkably improve the tribological properties of PAO. The nano-MoS₂ deposited on the HCl-activated FA presented better lubrication performance than nano-MoS₂. It could reduce friction and wear by approximately 27% and approximately 66%, respectively. The lubrication of MoS₂/FA can be attributed to the formation of MoS₂ and carbon containing lubricating film.

FA was applied as a supporter to prepare MoS₂/FA lubricants. The reuse of FA, a solid waste, is important for environmental protection. Moreover, MoS₂/FA is more economical than nano-MoS₂ as a lubricant, because it contains approximately 71% of low-cost FA.

This paper aims to use an ionic liquid (IL, [HMIM]PF₆) to improve the lubrication performance of liquid metal (LM) as a lithium grease additive and to expand the application range of LM.

In this paper, the different mass ratios of [HMIM]PF₆/LM mixtures were added into the lithium grease on a four-ball tribo-meter to investigate the effects of its tribological behavior. Scanning electron mircoscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to reveal the anti-wear and friction-reducing mechanism of the additives.

When the load was used at 461 N, the average coefficient of friction (ACOF) and average wear scar diameter (AWSD) of steel ball Lubricated with grease with an optimal ratio of 2:3 ([HMIM]PF₆/LM) were reduced by 32.8% and 30.5%, respectively. Friction and wear mechanisms are ascribed to friction-induced additive components that can simultaneously form a composite lubrication film consisting of FePO₄, FeF₃, Ga₂O₃, In₂O₃ and SnO₂.

Compared with the pure lithium-based grease, when [HMIM]PF₆/LM was added with an optimal ratio of 2:3, the ACOF and AWSD were reduced by 12.4% from 0.097 to 0.085 and 23.8% from 552.117 µm to 420.590 µm under 392 N, respectively. When at 461 N, the ACOF and AWSD of steel ball were reduced by 32.8% from 0.122 to 0.082 and 30.5% from 715.714 µm to 497.472 µm, respectively. It was shown that the simultaneous addition of LM and [HMIM]PF₆ can form a composite lubrication film consisting of FePO₄, FeF₃, Ga₂O₃, In₂O₃ and SnO₂.

In this paper, [HMIM]P F₆ is added with LM simultaneously to improve the lubrication properties of lithium grease, and expand the application scope of LM.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-01-2024-0017/

The purpose of this paper is to study the resonance failure sensitivity analysis of straight-tapered assembled pipe conveying nonuniform axial fluid by an active learning Kriging (ALK) method.

In this study, first, the motion equation of straight-tapered assembled pipe conveying nonuniform fluid is built. Second, the Galerkin method is used for calculating the natural frequency of assembled pipe conveying nonuniform fluid. Third, the ALK method based on expected risk function (ERF) is used to calculate the resonance failure probability and moment independent global sensitivity analysis.

The findings of this paper highlight that the eigenfrequency and critical velocity of uniform fluid-conveying pipe are less than the reality and the error is biggest in first-order natural frequency. The importance ranking of input variables affecting the resonance failure can be obtained. The importance ranking is different for a different velocity and mode number. By reducing the uncertainty of variables with a high index, the resonance failure probability can be reduced maximally.

There are no experiments on the eigenfrequency and critical velocity. There is no experiments about natural frequency and critical velocity of straight tapered assembled pipe to verify the theory in this paper.

The originality of this paper lies as follows: the motion equation of straight-tapered pipe conveying nonuniform fluid is first obtained. The eigenfrequency of nonuniform fluid and uniform fluid inside the assembled pipe are compared. The resonance reliability analysis of straight-tapered assembled pipe is first proposed. From the results, it is observed that the resonance failure probability can be reduced efficiently.

University–industry (UI) collaboration is essential for knowledge and technology exchange between higher education institutions and industries, enabling enterprises to accelerate innovation. However, few studies have investigated the collaborative innovation mechanism through which UI collaboration can enhance the accumulation of firms' intellectual capital (IC) and how this, in turn, affects their innovation-driven development.

Drawing from the knowledge management and collaborative innovation theory, this research proposes a theoretical framework of the inter-organization relationship between enterprises and universities to investigate the influence mechanism of UI collaboration, including academic engagement and commercialization, on corporate performance as well as the mediating role of IC by employing survey that covers 177 UI collaborations.

Empirical results show that human capital and relational capital fully mediate the relationship between academic engagement UI collaboration and corporate economic performance, while human capital partially mediates the relationship between commercialization UI collaboration and corporate economic performance. Additionally, structural capital and relational capital partially mediate the relationship between academic engagement and corporate innovation performance, while structural capital fully mediates the relationship between commercialization and corporate innovation performance.

This study empirically investigates how academic engagement and commercialization impact corporate performance (i.e. innovation dimension or economic dimension). It uncovers this relationship's underlying mechanism by documenting the IC's mediating impact.

Estimates show that close to 90% of the buildings we will need in 2050 are already built and occupied. The increase in the existing building stock has affected energy consumption thereby negatively impacting the environment. The purpose of this paper is to assess determinants of sustainable upgrade of existing buildings through the adoption and application of sustainable technologies. The study also ranks sustainable technologies adopted by the professionals who participated in the survey with an in-built case study.

As part of the overall methodology, a detailed literature review on the nature and characteristics of sustainable upgrade and the sustainable technologies adopted was undertaken. A survey questionnaire with an in-built case study was designed to examine all the sustainable technologies adopted to improve energy consumption in Australia. The survey was administered to sustainability consultants, architects, quantity surveyors, facility managers and engineers in Australia.

The results show a total of 24 technologies which are mostly adopted to improve energy consumption in existing buildings. A factor analysis shows the main components as: lighting and automation, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HAVC) systems and equipment, envelope, renewable energy and passive technologies.

The findings bridge the gap in the literature on the adoption and application of sustainable technologies to upgrade existing buildings. The technologies can be adopted to reduce the excessive energy consumption patterns in existing buildings.