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This study aims to examine the moderated-mediation impact of consumer involvement and destination preference on travel intentions. Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) and elaboration likelihood model (ELM) guided the conceptual framework of this study.

Churchill’s (1979) guidelines instrumentalize the scientific development and validation of measurement scales for data collection. The authors used higher-order multivariate analyzes such as structural equation modeling (SEM) and the Hayes process model for evaluating the hypotheses. The study uses Bauer et al. (2006) method to assess the conditional indirect effects of Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on travel intention through destination preference at varying levels of consumer involvement.

SOR and ELM model successfully explained the moderated-mediation effect of eWOM, consumer involvement and destination preference in influencing the travel intentions. Results broaden the applicability of SOR and ELM in tourism marketing. Results indicate that consumer involvement moderated the direct and indirect influence of eWOM on travel intention via destination preference, such that the eWOM influence in shaping travel intention is stronger for highly involved consumers.

The present study broadens the applicability of integrated SOR and ELM models to explain the moderated-mediation network between eWOM and travel intentions. Study findings offer new avenues to tourism marketers for the magnified effect of eWOM for promoting tourism. Tourism marketers may use customer journeys to build destination preference through organic information exchange with prospective travelers. Future researchers and practitioners can build prescriptive and predictive models based on altered levels of consumer involvement.

Present study pioneers in examining the interactive effect of moderated mediation network of consumer involvement and destination preference in shaping the travel intention. Grounded in SOR and ELM model, the present study is a trailblazer to offer the integrated moderated-mediation model between eWOM, destination preference, consumer involvement and travel intention.

电子口碑、目的地偏好和消费者参与 – 刺激-机体-响应 (SOR) 视角

本研究考察了消费者参与和目的地偏好对旅行意图的适度中介影响。刺激-有机体-响应 (SOR) 和精细化可能性模型 (ELM) 指导了本研究的概念框架。

Churchill (1979) 指南将科学发展和数据收集测量尺度的验证工具化。我们使用高阶多元分析, 如结构方程模型 (SEM) 和 Hayes 过程模型来评估假设。该研究使用 Bauer et al. (2006) 的方法来评估 eWOM 通过不同消费者参与水平的目的地偏好对旅行意愿的条件间接影响。

SOR 和 ELM 模型成功解释了 eWOM、消费者参与和目的地偏好在影响旅行意图方面的调节中介效应。结果拓宽了 SOR 和 ELM 在旅游营销中的适用性。结果表明, 消费者参与通过目的地偏好调节了 eWOM 对旅行意愿的直接和间接影响, 因此对于高度参与的消费者而言, eWOM 在塑造旅行意愿方面的影响更强。

本研究扩大了综合 SOR 和 ELM 模型的适用性, 以解释 eWOM 和旅行意图之间的调节中介网络。研究结果为旅游营销人员提供了新的途径, 以扩大电子口碑对促进旅游业的影响。旅游营销人员可以通过与潜在旅行者的有机信息交换, 利用客户旅程来建立目的地偏好。未来的研究人员和从业者可以根据消费者参与程度的变化建立规范和预测模型。

目前的研究先驱在检验消费者参与和目的地偏好的调节中介网络在塑造旅行意图方面的交互作用。本研究以 SOR 和 ELM 模型为基础, 是提供 eWOM、目的地偏好、消费者参与和旅行意图之间的综合调节中介模型的开拓者。

关键词 – 目的地偏好、eWOM、旅行意图、消费者参与度、SOR 模型、ELM 模型

eWOM, preferencia de destino y participación del consumidor: una lente de estímulo-organismo-respuesta (SOR)

Resumen

el presente estudio examina el impacto de la mediación moderada de la participación del consumidor y la preferencia de destino en las intenciones de viaje. Estímulo-Organismo-Respuesta (SOR) y Modelo de probabilidad de elaboración (ELM) guiaron el marco conceptual de este estudio.

las directrices de Churchill (1979) instrumentalizan el desarrollo científico y la validación de escalas de medición para la recopilación de datos. Usamos análisis multivariados de orden superior como el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) y el modelo de proceso de Hayes para evaluar las hipótesis. El estudio utiliza el método de Bauer et al. (2006) para evaluar los efectos indirectos condicionales de eWOM sobre la intención de viaje a través de la preferencia de destino en diferentes niveles de participación del consumidor.

los modelos SOR y ELM explicaron con éxito el efecto de mediación moderada de eWOM, la participación del consumidor y la preferencia de destino para influir en las intenciones de viaje. Los resultados amplían la aplicabilidad de SOR y ELM en el marketing turístico. Los resultados indican que la participación de los consumidores moderó la influencia directa e indirecta de eWOM en la intención de viaje a través de la preferencia de destino, de modo que la influencia de eWOM en la configuración de la intención de viaje es más fuerte para los consumidores altamente involucrados.

el presente estudio amplía la aplicabilidad de los modelos integrados de SOR y ELM para explicar la red de mediación moderada entre eWOM y las intenciones de viaje. Los resultados del estudio ofrecen nuevas vías a los comercializadores del turismo para el efecto magnificado de eWOM para promover el turismo. Los especialistas en marketing de turismo pueden utilizar el recorrido del cliente para crear preferencias de destino a través del intercambio de información orgánica con posibles viajeros. Los futuros investigadores y profesionales pueden construir modelos prescriptivos y predictivos basados en el nivel alterado de participación del consumidor.

el presente estudio es pionero en examinar el efecto interactivo de la red de mediación moderada de la participación del consumidor y la preferencia de destino en la configuración de la intención de viaje. Basado en el modelo SOR y ELM, el presente estudio es un pionero en ofrecer el modelo integrado de mediación moderada entre eWOM, preferencia de destino, participación del consumidor e intención de viaje.

The purpose of this paper is to find the niche segmentation of green consumers as a solution to psychographic or demographic predicament. Age cohort and generational cohort (Gen Y and Gen Z) of young consumers are studied for individualization and customization.

Age cohorts (Gen Z and Gen Y customers) have their unique needs. Both Gen Y (1981-1995) and Gen Z (post-1995) belong to the young consumer segment in the age group of 20-30 years but their generational cohorts are different. Strategic marketing advocates both generational marketing based on age cohorts and segmented marketing for young consumers. Strategic marketing faces cross-road between youth segmentation and generational cohort (Gen Z and Gen Y) due to intersection between the two during the 20-30 age group. Primary data using the ecological conscious consumer behavior (ECCB) scale was collected and analyzed for understanding the individual and relative importance of psychographic and demographic factors in influencing green behavior. The traditional youth segment is sliced into four sub-groups (Young Nest 1-4), and their interaction effect with post hoc analysis was done for the identification of sources of difference between different age cohorts. The findings of the study were compared with previous studies and unique contributions of this study were identified.

The findings indicate multiple niche young segments with demographic as the primary criterion and psychographic as the building block. Niche level and individual level segments emerge due to the interaction of various factors within a given age cohort. The findings confirm the identity development process which considered age as an important factor that affects varying choices throughout life from adolescence to adulthood.

The findings of this study may be used for effective targeting and positioning strategy of green marketing. In the time of analytics, age cohorts and generational cohort of young consumers can be approached differently for yielding better environmental results. The magnified niche level segmentation of young consumers may be used to develop individualized and customized promotions for young customers in Young Nest 1-4 for an enhanced ECCB.

Previous studies have focused more on consumer characteristics (demographic or psychographic) and their relative importance but niche level segmentation within given demographic segment was not attempted before. This study is unique in offering microscopic analysis of age cohorts of young consumers (Young Nest 1-4) and their interaction with other demographic variables (gender and income) for niche level segmentation.

Blockchain is widely applied in e-voting, shared economy areas and other government functioning. Fragmented findings and distributed literature need consolidation for a holistic view of the research domain. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively reviews the blockchain applications for government organizations and presents the past, present and future trends of blockchain applications for government organizations.

Systematic review protocol instrumentalized the systematic review of research articles published from 2013 to 2021. Science mapping discerns scientific actors’ trends and performance analysis like most influential authors, documents and sources. Content analysis of selected data set unfolds the past, present and future of blockchain applications for government organizations.

Blockchain technology offers enormous potential for the transformation of government organizations and public services. The primary areas are cryptocurrency, e-voting, shared economy, smart contracts, financial and health services, tourism, logistics and water sustainability.

This study reviewed only published research in journals and conference proceedings and excluded book reviews, book chapters and editorials from the review set. This study persuades governments and policymakers to invest in blockchain technology for transforming government organizations and public services.

This study highlights the importance of blockchain in government-controlled public departments, enhancing transparency and efficiency in public life.

Blockchain technology enhances transparency, traceability and accountability of public records.

This study pioneers in chronologically highlighting the importance of blockchain in government-controlled public departments.

This paper aims to examine the impact of online reviews on behavioral intentions via perceived risk. Perceived risk is both analytical and emotional. Stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) framework guided this study to explore the interaction between online reviews, perceived risk and behavioral intentions.

The conceptual model proposed in this research has been validated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling to assess the measurement model and the validity of the scale, based on primary responses collected from 473 travelers.

Findings of this study suggest the role of online consumer reviews in reducing the perceived risk associated with experience dominant services like tourism. Process model test proves the mediating role of perceived risk between online reviews and behavioral intentions. Results indicate the significance of online review in lowering the perceived risk leading to positive behavioral intentions.

Destination marketing organizations (DMOs) should understand the role of online reviews in effectively reducing risk and uncertainty, thereby influencing behavioral intentions.

This paper is unique in attempting to empirically examine the mediating role of perceived risk between online reviews and behavioral intentions. The study is a forerunner in using S–O–R framework to test the interaction between online review, perceived risk and behavioral intention.

This paper aims to determine a scale for measuring psychological factors of apparel-buying intention for young Indian online shoppers.

Churchill’s three-stage systematic scale-development methodology is used to develop a psychometric scale. Items were generated and selected in Phase I, followed by scale refinement in Phase II and scale validation in Phase III.

The final scientifically validated scale has 36 item scales that measure 10 psychological factors of apparel online-buying intention for online shoppers, from which “perceived value” emerged as the most significant factor.

This scale is a sector-specific scale that cannot be generalized to other sectors; therefore, further iterations/customizations should be made in future studies for applicability in other sectors.

This reliable and valid scale will help marketing managers to understand online shopper behavior and formulate effective strategies for online shoppers.

This paper, to the author’s knowledge, is the first attempt to develop a validated tool to measure the psychological factors of apparel-buying intention for young Indian online shoppers. This scale encompasses all important touch-points in measuring psychological factors influencing online buyer behavior for apparel products.

The purpose of this paper is to develop an empirically validated scale to measure the students’ perception of service quality in management education.

In this study, a three-stage systematic procedure of scale development has been adopted. Initially, extant literature review delineated the construct. Exploratory study techniques like focus group study and expert opinion helped in purifying the scale. In the second stage, principal component analysis with varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization (exploratory factor analysis) was used to refine the scale. Finally, multi-trait-multimethod matrix analysis was done to test the reliability and validity of the scale.

A 25-item multi-dimensional construct with six factors (academic aspect, professional assurance, behavioral responses and supports, industry institute interaction, non-academic aspects and physical support) was derived scientifically for measuring service quality in management education. Psychometrically, the scale exhibits internal consistency and remains consistent across the samples. The scale passes the requisite reliability and validity tests (construct, convergent, discriminant, nomological, predictive) with all values within limits.

Scientific and structured multi-dimensional construct for service quality in management education will help academicians, administrators and regulators in designing a process-oriented system for enhanced student satisfaction and performance.

This study is an incremental attempt to develop an empirically validated scale for measuring the service quality level and resultant satisfaction in management education.