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This paper presents estimates of total personal income for every U.S state in 1880, 1890, 1900, and 1910. The series includes new figures for 1890 and 1910, and revisions of Richard Easterlin's (1960) figures for 1880 and 1900 based on recent economic history research. The new estimates allow better examination of U.S. interregional income differences and cyclical behavior of U.S. states’ total personal income.

Concerns over health and safety are important reasons for leaving the mining industry. Yet pull factors such as better hours and shifts may be even more important. A study of 1,384 US male coal miners from 1977 to 1982 is reported. In 1977, 86 left mining and changed jobs by 1982 to other coal mining jobs or jobs outside the industry. Neither push nor pull factors were more important for within‐industry as compared to inter‐industry job changing. Further work is needed to understand the inter‐relations between health, safety and labour force mobility. More emphasis on health as a predictor of intermediate social outcomes is needed.

AS A RESULT of a co‐operative effort under the leadership of the U.S. Bureau of Mines, an economic fire‐resistant hydraulic water‐in‐oil fluid for coal mine equipment is claimed to have been evolved. Water‐in‐oil emulsions are relatively new. In this instance, a globule of water is forced into a globule of oil. Being on the outside, the oil furnishes a certain amount of the lubricity required to keep the hydraulic pumps operating properly and economically, because the pumps ordinarily depend for self‐lubrication on the hydraulic fluid being pumped. While such a fluid has been used in industrial machinery with good results, as far as is known, no tests have previously been made under actual coal‐mine operating conditions.

With the increasing emphasis on alternative sources of energy, we are looking towards coal as a long range answer to a major portion of our future energy needs. Information concerning all conceivable aspects of coal has grown in response to this. The information industry has in many respects kept up with this rapid rate of growth, but any thorough‐research into the subject of coal necessitates (at least for the forseeable future) a combination of both traditional and computerized reference services. This is not necessarily a hindrance in research, but something that one must be aware of. Much information on geological exploration, mining practices and techniques, economic implications, regulations, chemistry, development of by‐products, and environmental problems surrounding the use of coal was written before the development of widely circulated bibliographic tools and online data files.

Bobbie Scull's bibliography of federal government bibliographies was begun in 1971 as an annual informational publication primarily intended for the faculty at Louisiana State University. Later she distributed it to libraries all over the state of Louisiana. In 1973 RSR began to publish these lists on an annual basis. This is the fourth such appearance. In the meantime these bibliographies were cumulated and published in two volumes: Bibliography of U.S. Government Bibliographies 1968–73 and 1974–76. (Pierian Press, 1975, 1979). RSR is proud to continue the annual supplements which are now computer produced at LSU. Although this supplement appears in Volume 8:1 (1980) in the future they will appear in the final issue of the year.

In a liberal‐democracy, the legislature serves as the democratic arm of the state while the courts serve as the principal protectors of liberal values. There is the potential for conflict between the will of the majority and the rights of individuals and minorities. Legislatures may adopt a detached role, intervening on occasion to give voice to public dissatisfaction with judicial decisions designed to protect human rights, or instead decide to engage in the process of discuss ing and protecting human rights. This paper provides the results of an empirical study of legislatures in European states that are signatories to the European Convention on Human Rights. It employs a simple dichotomous variable of whether or not a legislature has a human rights committee. Though approximately half the legislatures studied have human rights committees, the proportion is greater among the legislatures in southern, central and eastern Europe. The paper concludes by considering the case for greater engagement by legislatures in other countries.

Purpose – Traditional library catalogs have become inefficient and inconvenient in assisting library users. Readers may spend much time in searching library materials via printed catalogs. Readers need an intelligent and innovative solution to overcome this problem. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how data mining technology is a good approach to fulfill readers' requirements. Design/methodology/approach – Data mining is considered to be the nontrivial extraction of implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful information from data. This paper analyzes the readers' borrowing records by using the following techniques: data analysis, building data warehouse and data mining. Findings – The mining results show that all readers can be categorized into five clusters, and each cluster has its own characteristics. It was also found that the frequency for graduates and associate researchers to borrow multimedia data is much higher. This phenomenon shows that these readers have a higher preference for accepting digitized publication. Besides, we notice that more readers borrow multimedia data rise in years. This up trend indicates that readers are gradually shifting their preference in reading digital publications. Originality/value – The paper proposes a technique to discover clusters by using ant colony methods.

This essay uses Marx’s concept of commodity fetishism and Mauss’s description of the hau as the spirit that connects the giver to the gift to examine notions of production, value, and collectivity in the Santa Fe silver mining Cooperative in Guanajuato, Mexico. This case allows us to look at how fetishism on the one hand, and “hauism” on the other, can work together to form a hybrid form of value wherein silver participates in both commodified and giftlike processes. More broadly, it helps us to examine the relationship between the production of value and the production and legitimation of social groups.

Elsewhere a survey has been reported of the use of the serials in the Science Museum Library. In brief this showed that where the Science Museum Library's copy of a serial was frequently used, this serial was widely held, and that the converse was true. In fact it appears that the use of the Science Museum's copy of a periodical is a rough measure of the national loan use of library copies.